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Analysis · Population ·

Italy’s population in 2025: flat nationally, shrinking in 4,416 towns

Italy’s population barely moved in 2025, from 58,943,464 to 58,942,828 (−636). Deaths outnumbered births 1.83 to 1, and net arrivals from abroad (+295,759) made up 99.8% of that loss. Beneath that flat total, 4,416 of Italy’s 7,896 comuni shrank and 3,324 grew.

Where the national number came from

Arrivals from abroad made up 99.8% of Italy’s natural loss in 2025Residents 58,943,464 on 1 January → 58,942,828 on 31 December 2025

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Births: +355,435 residents+355,435BirthsDeaths: −651,830 residents−651,830DeathsBirths minus deaths: −296,395 residents−296,395Births minusdeathsArrivals from abroad: +439,916 residents+439,916Arrivalsfrom abroadDepartures to abroad: −144,157 residents−144,157Departuresto abroadChange in the year: −636 residents−636Changein the year

Green adds residents, red removes them, grey bars are net results. Moves between Italian comuni cancel out nationally, so they are not a step. Source: ISTAT demographic balance 2025, provisional, summed over 7,896 comuni.

Town by town, though, moves within Italy matter a great deal.

Regions: the South loses people twice

Six southern regions lost residents to the rest of Italy as well as to deathsChange in 2025 per 1,000 residents, by cause. Regions sorted by net change.

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Births minus deathsMoves within ItalyMoves to and from abroadNet change−10−50+5+10NetBasilicataBasilicata, births minus deaths: −6.6 per 1,000 (−3,484 residents)Basilicata, moves within italy: −5.5 per 1,000 (−2,906 residents)Basilicata, moves to and from abroad: +3.1 per 1,000 (+1,667 residents)Basilicata, net change: −8.9 per 1,000 (530,004 → 525,281)−8.9MoliseMolise, births minus deaths: −7.9 per 1,000 (−2,272 residents)Molise, moves within italy: −3.3 per 1,000 (−949 residents)Molise, moves to and from abroad: +4.7 per 1,000 (+1,347 residents)Molise, net change: −6.5 per 1,000 (287,814 → 285,940)−6.5SardegnaSardegna, births minus deaths: −7.9 per 1,000 (−12,363 residents)Sardegna, moves within italy: +0.1 per 1,000 (+229 residents)Sardegna, moves to and from abroad: +2.7 per 1,000 (+4,243 residents)Sardegna, net change: −5.1 per 1,000 (1,562,381 → 1,554,490)−5.1CalabriaCalabria, births minus deaths: −4.6 per 1,000 (−8,404 residents)Calabria, moves within italy: −3.8 per 1,000 (−6,966 residents)Calabria, moves to and from abroad: +4.5 per 1,000 (+8,295 residents)Calabria, net change: −3.9 per 1,000 (1,834,646 → 1,827,571)−3.9PugliaPuglia, births minus deaths: −4.8 per 1,000 (−18,686 residents)Puglia, moves within italy: −1.7 per 1,000 (−6,741 residents)Puglia, moves to and from abroad: +3.4 per 1,000 (+13,309 residents)Puglia, net change: −3.1 per 1,000 (3,877,395 → 3,865,277)−3.1SiciliaSicilia, births minus deaths: −4.2 per 1,000 (−19,940 residents)Sicilia, moves within italy: −2.4 per 1,000 (−11,390 residents)Sicilia, moves to and from abroad: +4.0 per 1,000 (+19,134 residents)Sicilia, net change: −2.5 per 1,000 (4,787,390 → 4,775,194)−2.5CampaniaCampania, births minus deaths: −3.0 per 1,000 (−16,851 residents)Campania, moves within italy: −3.0 per 1,000 (−16,904 residents)Campania, moves to and from abroad: +3.6 per 1,000 (+20,121 residents)Campania, net change: −2.4 per 1,000 (5,582,337 → 5,568,703)−2.4AbruzzoAbruzzo, births minus deaths: −6.2 per 1,000 (−7,923 residents)Abruzzo, moves within italy: +0.2 per 1,000 (+315 residents)Abruzzo, moves to and from abroad: +4.5 per 1,000 (+5,712 residents)Abruzzo, net change: −1.5 per 1,000 (1,269,118 → 1,267,222)−1.5UmbriaUmbria, births minus deaths: −6.9 per 1,000 (−5,901 residents)Umbria, moves within italy: +0.3 per 1,000 (+225 residents)Umbria, moves to and from abroad: +5.7 per 1,000 (+4,830 residents)Umbria, net change: −1.0 per 1,000 (851,473 → 850,627)−1.0MarcheMarche, births minus deaths: −6.2 per 1,000 (−9,145 residents)Marche, moves within italy: +0.4 per 1,000 (+639 residents)Marche, moves to and from abroad: +5.3 per 1,000 (+7,793 residents)Marche, net change: −0.5 per 1,000 (1,480,545 → 1,479,832)−0.5LazioLazio, births minus deaths: −5.0 per 1,000 (−28,516 residents)Lazio, moves within italy: +0.4 per 1,000 (+2,049 residents)Lazio, moves to and from abroad: +4.7 per 1,000 (+26,733 residents)Lazio, net change: 0.0 per 1,000 (5,709,178 → 5,709,444)0.0Friuli-Venezia GiuliaFriuli-Venezia Giulia, births minus deaths: −6.5 per 1,000 (−7,767 residents)Friuli-Venezia Giulia, moves within italy: +1.8 per 1,000 (+2,101 residents)Friuli-Venezia Giulia, moves to and from abroad: +4.9 per 1,000 (+5,878 residents)Friuli-Venezia Giulia, net change: +0.2 per 1,000 (1,193,284 → 1,193,496)+0.2Valle d'AostaValle d'Aosta, births minus deaths: −5.5 per 1,000 (−675 residents)Valle d'Aosta, moves within italy: +2.4 per 1,000 (+289 residents)Valle d'Aosta, moves to and from abroad: +3.3 per 1,000 (+408 residents)Valle d'Aosta, net change: +0.2 per 1,000 (122,532 → 122,554)+0.2ToscanaToscana, births minus deaths: −6.5 per 1,000 (−23,728 residents)Toscana, moves within italy: +0.9 per 1,000 (+3,188 residents)Toscana, moves to and from abroad: +6.0 per 1,000 (+22,046 residents)Toscana, net change: +0.4 per 1,000 (3,657,716 → 3,659,222)+0.4PiemontePiemonte, births minus deaths: −6.9 per 1,000 (−29,180 residents)Piemonte, moves within italy: +1.7 per 1,000 (+7,264 residents)Piemonte, moves to and from abroad: +5.9 per 1,000 (+25,054 residents)Piemonte, net change: +0.7 per 1,000 (4,251,868 → 4,255,006)+0.7VenetoVeneto, births minus deaths: −4.6 per 1,000 (−22,342 residents)Veneto, moves within italy: +1.1 per 1,000 (+5,452 residents)Veneto, moves to and from abroad: +4.3 per 1,000 (+20,878 residents)Veneto, net change: +0.8 per 1,000 (4,853,472 → 4,857,460)+0.8LiguriaLiguria, births minus deaths: −8.6 per 1,000 (−12,957 residents)Liguria, moves within italy: +1.8 per 1,000 (+2,771 residents)Liguria, moves to and from abroad: +8.0 per 1,000 (+12,031 residents)Liguria, net change: +1.2 per 1,000 (1,510,143 → 1,511,988)+1.2LombardiaLombardia, births minus deaths: −4.1 per 1,000 (−41,304 residents)Lombardia, moves within italy: +1.0 per 1,000 (+10,046 residents)Lombardia, moves to and from abroad: +6.3 per 1,000 (+63,034 residents)Lombardia, net change: +3.2 per 1,000 (10,033,918 → 10,065,694)+3.2Emilia-RomagnaEmilia-Romagna, births minus deaths: −5.2 per 1,000 (−23,357 residents)Emilia-Romagna, moves within italy: +2.1 per 1,000 (+9,522 residents)Emilia-Romagna, moves to and from abroad: +6.5 per 1,000 (+28,846 residents)Emilia-Romagna, net change: +3.4 per 1,000 (4,461,998 → 4,477,009)+3.4Trentino-Alto AdigeTrentino-Alto Adige, births minus deaths: −1.5 per 1,000 (−1,600 residents)Trentino-Alto Adige, moves within italy: +1.6 per 1,000 (+1,766 residents)Trentino-Alto Adige, moves to and from abroad: +4.1 per 1,000 (+4,400 residents)Trentino-Alto Adige, net change: +4.2 per 1,000 (1,086,252 → 1,090,818)+4.2

Source: ISTAT demographic balance 2025, provisional, comuni summed by region.

Every region had more deaths than births in 2025, and every region gained from abroad. Moves within Italy split them: Basilicata, Calabria, Molise, Campania, Sicilia and Puglia lost residents to other regions, while the Centre-North gained them. Basilicata shrank fastest (−0.89%); Trentino-Alto Adige grew fastest (+0.42%).

The smaller the town, the faster it empties

In comuni under 1,000 residents there were 3.31 deaths for every birth in 2025, and the population fell 0.60% in a single year. From 5,000 residents up, towns held roughly level. Of all 7,896 comuni, 7,242 recorded more deaths than births; only 491 recorded more births than deaths.

Population change in 2025 by town size
Town size (residents)ComuniDeaths per birthShare that shrankComuni with no birthsPopulation change
Under 1,0002,0233.3162%397−0.60%
1,000–4,9993,4992.1258%7−0.18%
5,000–19,9991,8641.7648%0+0.07%
20,000–99,9994661.7247%0+0.06%
100,000 and over441.8145%0−0.01%

Size bands use the population on 1 January 2025.

404 comuni registered no births at all in 2025. Their median size is 242 residents, and 159 of them are in Piemonte, followed by Lombardia (57), Abruzzo (34), Liguria (26) and Sardegna (25). The largest was Giba in Sardegna, with 1,895 residents and 26 deaths.

The ten fastest-shrinking towns

Chiarano, in Veneto, lost 7.2% of its residents in 2025, the steepest fall of any comune with 1,000 or more people. In six of these ten towns the biggest single loss was people leaving for abroad; in three, moves to elsewhere in Italy; in one, the excess of deaths over births. The biggest driver of each town is in bold.

The ten fastest-shrinking comuni of 1,000+ residents in 2025
TownChangeResidents, 1 Jan → 31 DecBirths / deathsNet moves within ItalyNet moves abroad
ChiaranoVeneto−7.2%3,594 → 3,33721 / 30−58−190
EpiscopiaBasilicata−6.5%1,271 → 1,1885 / 15−21−52
Laino BorgoCalabria−6.2%1,683 → 1,5785 / 37−13−60
FormicolaCampania−5.7%1,477 → 1,39312 / 16−94+14
MianeVeneto−5.4%3,148 → 2,97825 / 35+11−171
MurisengoPiemonte−4.7%1,270 → 1,2104 / 25−36−3
Poggio RuscoLombardia−4.3%6,535 → 6,25538 / 67−49−202
ArenaCalabria−4.3%1,195 → 1,1444 / 11−14−30
SuteraSicilia−4.2%1,144 → 1,0963 / 24−31+4
CastelmauroMolise−4.0%1,120 → 1,0754 / 31−15−3

Towns under 1,000 residents are left out of both rankings, because a handful of moves swings their percentages. 5,873 comuni qualify.

The ten fastest-growing towns

Soriano Calabro, in Calabria, grew 15.5% in 2025, far faster than any other town of 1,000 or more residents. Arrivals from abroad were the biggest gain in six of these ten towns, and moves from elsewhere in Italy in four. Only three of the ten had more births than deaths: Sarmato, Cermes and Antegnate.

The ten fastest-growing comuni of 1,000+ residents in 2025
TownChangeResidents, 1 Jan → 31 DecBirths / deathsNet moves within ItalyNet moves abroad
Soriano CalabroCalabria+15.5%2,410 → 2,78317 / 20−19+395
AritzoSardegna+5.0%1,211 → 1,2724 / 17−25+99
San LucidoCalabria+4.9%7,411 → 7,77538 / 59−43+428
LongobardiCalabria+4.8%3,071 → 3,21814 / 26−45+204
SarmatoEmilia-Romagna+4.8%2,967 → 3,10827 / 21+69+66
CandelaPuglia+4.7%2,574 → 2,69619 / 28−11+142
CermesTrentino-Alto Adige+4.3%1,585 → 1,65318 / 9+60−1
MelpignanoPuglia+4.1%2,070 → 2,1549 / 23+34+64
Ponte NossaLombardia+4.0%1,729 → 1,79810 / 17+65+11
AntegnateLombardia+4.0%3,324 → 3,45623 / 20+74+55

A one-year jump the size of Soriano Calabro’s (+395 net arrivals from abroad) can come from a single group registering at once. The registry does not say why, so check with the comune before reading it as a trend.

Soriano Calabro, Aritzo, San Lucido, Longobardi and Candela also lost people to the rest of Italy or to deaths; without arrivals from abroad, each of them would have shrunk. Nationally, 1,478 comuni held steady or grew in 2025 only because of moves from abroad.

Big cities lose people to the rest of Italy and refill from abroad

Italy’s 44 cities of 100,000 or more residents lost a net 25,125 people to other Italian comuni in 2025, and gained 91,905 from abroad. 28 of the 44 lost residents to the rest of Italy; all 44 gained from abroad. Together they ended the year at −1,138 on 13.65 million.

Milano shows the pattern most sharply: a net 11,484 residents moved elsewhere in Italy, 8.4 for every 1,000, while 12,991 more arrived from abroad than left for it.

Italy's 6 largest cities: population change in 2025
TownChangeResidents, 1 Jan → 31 DecBirths / deathsNet moves within ItalyNet moves abroad
RomaLazio−0.1%2,747,290 → 2,745,06215,817 / 28,890−2,509+13,354
MilanoLombardia−0.2%1,365,698 → 1,362,8639,297 / 13,639−11,484+12,991
NapoliCampania−0.4%909,013 → 905,0506,173 / 9,813−4,747+4,424
TorinoPiemonte+0.3%853,196 → 855,6545,212 / 10,220−178+7,644
PalermoSicilia−0.4%628,693 → 626,2734,327 / 6,724−1,922+1,899
GenovaLiguria+0.4%564,080 → 566,2473,349 / 7,748+795+5,771

The six largest cities, by residents on 1 January 2025.

How to read these numbers

  • Source. ISTAT’s demographic balance for 2025, comune by comune, from the Demo site, as published on each Borgo Data town page. The national totals match ISTAT’s own release of 31 March 2026.
  • Provisional. These are ISTAT’s first provisional figures for 2025. Final figures may shift slightly.
  • “Abroad” means a move across the border, not a nationality. Moves to and from abroad include Italian citizens leaving or returning, as well as foreign nationals.
  • Moves within Italy are registrations from one Italian comune to another; nationally they net to zero.
  • One year. A single year can carry one-off registry events, such as a group registered at once or a records clean-up. Large swings in small towns deserve a check with the comune.
  • Percentages are change over the population on 1 January 2025.

Sources

Every town in these tables has its own page with its population trend, prices, services and surroundings. Explore every town  ·  Browse by region  ·  More analysis